will aluminum or steel be a better conductor of heat as indicated by speed and height of color change on temperature strips?
Model CER Structure:
Title: Metal Bars CER Test
Question: ?????????????????? (From above)
Claim:
Opener followed by answer to the question w the iv and dv mentioned.
Opener choices for claim:
1. Based on the research and information learned in class 2. After doing research on the topic of conduction... 3. After gaining knowledge in class about conduction, pure metals and alloys I
answer the question: !!!!
Evidence:
Opener followed by:
Sample opener:
1.The evidence that supports my claim is as follows: 2. Class investigations and data collection is summarized in the evidence below:
Qualitative evidence:
What did you observe with your senses ? What happened to the temp. strips (sight)? What did you witness in demos., videos, etc.? what did the metal bars feel like (touch).?
Quantitative evidence:
1. 3 tables, chart, etc. (data can be written into a paragraph). 2. "So what statement" (What does the data tell us).
Reasoning:
??????????????????????/ science
stainless STEEL IS AN ALLOY. AN ALLOY IS A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE SUBSTANCES COMBINED THROUGH HEATING (MELTING) AND COOLING.
STAINLESS STEEL IS MADE OF IRON (METAL 75 %) CARBON (NON-METAL) and chromium (20%) . chromium is a bad conductor !
ALUMINUM IS A PURE METAL. GREAT CONDUCTOR FOR THE REASONS YOU LEARNED IN CLASS.
IN MOST METALS, THE EXISTENCE OF IMPURITIES RESTRICTS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS. COMPARED TO PURE METALS, THEN, ELEMENTS WHICH ARE ADDED AS ALLOYING AGENTS COULD BE CONSIDERED “IMPURITIES”. SO ALLOYS TEND TO OFFER LESS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY THAN PURE METAL. chromium is sort of a foreign substance which prevents conduction from happening well.
CLAIM: ANSWER THE QUESTION. ONE SENTENCE (Maybe two ?) KEEP IT SIMPLE. USE SENTENCE STARTERS OR LEAD -INS. A SIMPLE "BECAUSE" STATEMENT IS OK...no evidence mention the Independent and **dependent variables
variables: INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: THE ONE THING WE CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT. should be 1 only. WHAT IS IT THAT EVERY GROUP IS CHANGING?
DEPENDENT VARIABLE: THE THING WE ARE MEASURING IN AN EXPERIMENT.
ex. Does cutting the amount of food given to my dog affect his weight(lbs) a one month ? IV: Amount of food given dv: weight of my dog in pounds.
EVIDENCE: * Sentence starter *THE SCIENTIFIC DATA THAT SUPPORTS THE CLAIM. ○ DATA OR MEASUREMENTS * RESULTS FROM AN EXPERIMENT. ○ SPECIFIC EXAMPLES * OBSERVATIONS FROM IN CLASS DEMONSTRATIONS* OBSERVATIONS FROM VIDEO CLIPS *SITE INFORMATION/FACTS FROM ARTICLES & JOURNALS ETC.
* YOU SHOULD LIST AT LEAST 3 PIECES OF EVIDENCE.
TWO TYPES OF EVIDENCE: 1. QUALITATIVE: (OBSERVATIONS W/ SENSES). 2. QUANTITATIVE: DATA, STATISTICS ETC. NUMBERS BASED.
YOU CAN SITE RESOURCES, VIDEOS, ACTIVITIES, INVESTIGATIONS, LABS ETC., DATA FROM CLASS.
Skew Dice Sample Ex. The evidence from research that supports my claim that skew dice are unfair, is as follows.
1. the angles and sides appear different on all sides which means certain numbers will not end up on top. 2. the sides had different measurements. (2cm on some, .75 cm on others). 3. after rolling the dice 100 times, the numbers 1 and 5 never came up.
I feel this evidence supports my claim.
REASONING: SCIENCE BEHIND THE EVIDENCE. (LAWS, RULES, THEORIES, DEFINITIONS, FACTS.) ● EXPLAINS WHY THE EVIDENCE SUPPORTS THE CLAIM, PROVIDES A LOGICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE EVIDENCE AND CLAIM. ○ WHY IS CLAIM VALID?
SENTENCE STARTERS:
CLAIM :SENTENCE STARTERS
SENTENCE STARTERS
● based upon OBSERVations from the experiment/investigation ● after comparing information from the sources my claim is: ● Based upon the information taken from the (story, article, journal) ● THE EFFECT OF _________ ON ___________ IS ___________ *. I have come to the conclusion after watching the videos that * BASED ON PAST investigations and/or analysis from activities in class
EVIDENCE: SENTENCE STARTERS ● IN THE DATA taken from the (graph, data table)…I have discovered ● THE EVIDENCE I USE TO SUPPORT my claim IS _____________. ● I BELIEVE my claim is justified BECAUSE of____________ (JUSTIFICATION). ● I fell THAT my claim is accurate BECAUSE ____________ . ● BASED ON ____________ , I THINK the following supports my claim: . ● BASED UPON ____________ here is a list of evidence supporting my claim ____________ .
REASONING :SENTENCE STARTERS
● BASED ON THE EVIDENCE, WE MUST CONCLUDE… BECAUSE….. ● THE MOST LOGICAL CONCLUSION WE CAN DRAW FROM THIS EVIDENCE IS THAT…. BECAUSE…. ● THESE FACTS WORK TOGETHER TO BUILD A CASE THAT… BECAUSE… ● ALL OF THIS PROVES THAT….. BECAUSE… ● THE REASON I BELIEVE ____________ IS ____________ . ** the science that ties my evidence to the claim is as follows:
Graphing and Data analysis:
9/13:
Vocabulary:
Data: Information from observations Data Table: A way to organize data in columns. (Neat/readable) title: describes content of a graph or table variable: what info. is being collected unit: how the information was measured
EXAMPLE: TIME (SECONDS)
TIME MAY BE WHAT WE ARE MEASURING. SECONDS MAY BE HOW WE ARE MEASURING IT.
Ordered Pairs: two pieces of data that directly correspond.
A complete Data Table- CHECKLIST. >
Descriptive title Variables (what info. Is collected) Units (how variables are measured) Data in ordered pairs (Work done NEATLY). >>>>>>>
Types of Graphs: > >>>>>
Line graphs
*have an x-axis and a y-axis. In the most cases, time is distributed on the horizontal axis *When you want to show trends. For example, how house prices have increased. changes over time.
Bar Graphs
*To compare data samples among different categories.
Circle or Pie Graphs
*To show percentage to the whole or proportional data.
Histogram
*When the data is continuous. *To summarize large data sets graphically >>>>>>
Reading a Graph: >>>>>>>
graph: picture of info. from a data table horizontal axis (X): goes across the bottom of a graph vertical axis: (Y): runs up the side of a graph
Intersection: crossing of two lines when graphing data point: where the two data lines cross. plotting: finding the data point for an ordered pair. >>>>
Intervals: even spacing of numbers on the X and Y axis
Graphing Checklist: Descriptive title Variables (what info. Is collected) **(On X-Y axis for a graph)Units (how variables are measured) **(On the X-Y axis for a graph)Data in ordered pairs Work done NEATLY **X and Y axis lines (Drawn w/a RULER) (*Indent 3 lines up and in.)**Intervals must be set up evenly…. data points connected w a ruler. _________________________________________________________________________ Video Resources: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsbwOQWQqkE (How to plot a Line Graph)
SURVEY:COLLECTS INFORMATION ABOUT A GROUP. OUTLIER: VALUE SEPARATED FROM THE REST OF A GROUP. SAMPLE: PART OF A BIGGER GROUP. REPRESENTS THE WHOLE GROUP. RANGE: DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE GREATEST AND SMALLEST NUMBERS IN A SET.VALUE SEPARATED FROM THE REST OF THE DATA.SURVEY QUESTION: SURVEY QUESTION: EASY TO UNDERSTAND: SINGLE RESPONSE.
climate change:
Facts:
*The Greenhouse effect and global warming are different.
*The greenhouse effect is a good thing unless it is enhanced beyond the norm.
*whether or not global warming is a thing is debated often. CLIMATE CHANGE: THE GRADUAL INCREASE OF EARTH'S AVERAGE GLOBAL TEMPERATURE DUE TO HUMAN ACTIVITY AND INCREASED LEVELS OF GREENHOUSE GASES put into THE ATMOSPHERE.
GREENHOUSE EFFECT: THE PROCESS BY WHICH VISIBLE LIGHT ENTERS THE ATMOSPHERE AND IS CONVERTED TO HEAT. SOME OF THE HEAT ESCAPES BACK TO SPACE. THE REST IS IS sent back TO EARTH which KEEPs THE PLANET WARM. GENERALLY BENEFICIAL .....
GREENHOUSE GASES: GASES THAT CAPTURE (trap) HEAT. (CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE (NATURAL GAS), WATER VAPOR, nitrous oxide, CFC's. ("The glass on the greenhouse")
GREENHOUSE EFFECT WARMING WHEN SOLAR RADIATION IS TRAPPED BY THE ATMOSPHERE NEAR EARTH DUE TO AN EXCESS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
CO2 A HEAVY ODORLESS COLORLESS GAS FORMED DURING RESPIRATION AND BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES; ABSORBED FROM THE AIR BY PLANTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CARBON DIOXIDE A HEAVY ODORLESS COLORLESS GAS FORMED DURING RESPIRATION AND BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES; ABSORBED FROM THE AIR BY PLANTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
FOSSIL THE REMAINS OF A PLANT OR ANIMAL FROM A PAST GEOLOGICAL AGE
THESE INCREASED CONCENTRATIONS ARE OCCURRING BECAUSE OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES, ESPECIALLY THE BURNING OF FOSSIL FUELS AND THE CLEARING OF FORESTS (WHICH REMOVES CO2 FROM THE ATMOSPHERE AND STORE ITS CARBON IN CELLULOSE.
the greenhouse gases:
What are the 6 main greenhouse gases? Overview of Greenhouse Gases Overview.
1. define ecological footprint. 2.why do we need to know our ecological footprint?
Carbon footprint :A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions that come from the production, use and end-of-life of a product or service , person, family, household or business.
REASONING: IN THE CER EVERYTHING KNOWN ABOUT THE EVENT FROM 10/25/2012 SHOULD BE TIED TO THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE COLD FRONT. ______________________________________________________________________
Relative Humidity and Dew Point:
Relative Humidity: The amount of water vapor in the air shown as a % of the maximum amt. of vapor the air can hold at a given temperature.
Dew Point: the temperature at which the air becomes fully saturated. High dew point = severe weather When the air temp. is below the dew point = condensation DEW PT. IS ALWAYS LOWER THAN AIR TEMP.
**The higher the dew point temperature, the greater the amount of water vapor is present (source for clouds). The smaller the difference between the temperature and the dew point temperature, the higher the relative humidity (the closer the atmosphere is to a state in which water vapor would condense).
1. Air Pressure: All directions. 15 lbs./sq.in 2.Air is more dense at sea level. 3.Barometers measure air pressure. 4.Air expands as it warms forming low pressure areas.. (Clouds form easier so poor weather is associated w/ low pressure) 5.Air sinks as it becomes more dense. (High pressure is more likely to bring fair weather.) 6.Changes in air pressure causes wind. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
Atmosphere: (Layer of gases around the Earth.) (Video Below)
Troposphere: Where we live. All weather is here. (12 km thick) Stratosphere: Ozone Layer is here. (Protects us from UV rays.) Mesosphere: Coldest layer ...meteors burn up here.) Thermosphere: Hottest layer. Northern Lights are here. (ionosphere) ______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ Global Winds: Winds that are experienced around the world. Travel Great distances.
Trade Winds: a wind blowing steadily towards the equator from the northeast in the northern hemisphere or the southeast in the southern hemisphere, especially at sea. Two belts of trade winds encircle the earth, blowing from the tropical high-pressure belts to the low-pressure zone at the equator. 0-30 degrees latitude N & S
The Westerlies or Prevailing Westerlies,: are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. They originate from the high-pressure areas in the horse latitudes and trend towards the poles and steer extratropical cyclones in this general manner.
Polar Easterlies:The polar easterlies are the dry, cold prevailing winds that blow from the high-pressure areas of the polar highs at the north and south poles towards low-pressure areas within the Westerlies (from 60 degrees to 90 degrees N & S.)
The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage, which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low-pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm.
Horse Latitudes: area of very light winds located at 30 degrees N & S latitude. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Radiation: heat transfer by waves through air or space. (Sun warming the Earth. Fire roasting marshmallows.)
Heat Transfer in the Atmosphere
Heat can be transferred by: Conduction- heat transferred through contact or touch Convection- Energy transferred through liquid or gas. Radiation- Energy transferred through air and space.
Air Density:
When air is heated up, it becomes less dense due to the molecules moving faster and spreading apart. This causes warm air to rise, just like the warm liquid rises in the lava lamp.
Differences in Temperature
Warm air rises- Warming air makes the molecules move faster and spread out. This makes the air less dense. Less dense air is light and will rise. Cold air sinks- Cooling air makes the molecules move slower and group together. This makes the air more dense. More dense air will sink. ______________________________________________________________________________